4-10
Mode 3: Square Wave Mode
Mode 3 is typically used for Baud rate generation. Mode 3 is
similar to Mode 2 except for the duty cycle of OUT. OUT will
initially be high. When half the initial count has expired, OUT
goes low for the remainder of the count. Mode 3 is periodic;
the sequence above is repeated indefinitely. An initial count
of N results in a square wave with a period of N CLK cycles.
GATE = 1 enables counting; GATE = 0 disables counting. If
GATE goes low while OUT is low, OUT is set high immedi-
ately; no CLK pulse is required. A trigger reloads the
Counter with the initial count on the next CLK pulse. Thus
the GATE input can be used to synchronize the Counter.
After writing a Control Word and initial count, the Counter will
be loaded on the next CLK pulse. This allows the Counter to
be synchronized by software also.
Writing a new count while counting does not affect the cur-
rent counting sequence. If a trigger is received after writing a
new count but before the end of the current half-cycle of the
square wave, the Counter will be loaded with the new count
on the next CLK pulse and counting will continue from the
new count. Otherwise, the new count will be loaded at the
end of the current half-cycle.
FIGURE 12. MODE 3
Mode 3 is Implemented as Follows:
EVEN COUNTS: OUT is initially high. The initial count is
loaded on one CLK pulse and then is decremented by two
on succeeding CLK pulses. When the count expires, OUT
changes value and the Counter is reloaded with the initial
count. The above process is repeated indefinitely.
ODD COUNTS: OUT is initially high. The initial count is loaded
on one CLK pulse, decremented by one on the next CLK pulse,
and then decremented by two on succeeding CLK pulses.
When the count expires, OUT goes low and the Counter is
reloaded with the initial count. The count is decremented by
three on the next CLK pulse, and then by two on succeeding
CLK pulses. When the count expires, OUT goes high again and
the Counter is reloaded with the initial count. The above pro-
cess is repeated indefinitely. So for odd counts, OUT will be
high for (N + 1)/2 counts and low for (N - 1)/2 counts.
Mode 4: Software Triggered Mode
OUT will be initially high. When the initial count expires, OUT
will go low for one CLK pulse then go high again. The count-
ing sequence is “Triggered” by writing the initial count.
GATE = 1 enables counting; GATE = 0 disables counting.
GATE has no effect on OUT.
After writing a Control Word and initial count, the Counter will be
loaded on the next CLK pulse. This CLK pulse does not decre-
ment the count, so for an initial count of N, OUT does not strobe
low until N + 1 CLK pulses after the initial count is written.
If a new count is written during counting, it will be loaded on
the next CLK pulse and counting will continue from the new
count. If a two-byte count is written, the following happens:
(1)Writing the first byte has no effect on counting.
(2)Writing the second byte allows the new count to be
loaded on the next CLK pulse.
This allows the sequence to be “retriggered” by software. OUT
strobes low N + 1 CLK pulses after the new count of N is written.
NNNN
0
2
0
4
0
2
0
4
0
2
0
4
0
2
0
4
0
4
0
2
NNNN
0
4
0
2
0
5
0
2
0
5
0
4
0
2
0
5
0
5
0
2
NNNN
0
2
0
4
0
2
0
2
0
2
0
4
0
2
0
4
0
4
0
2
WR
CLK
GATE
OUT
CW = 16 LSB = 4
WR
CLK
GATE
OUT
WR
CLK
GATE
OUT
CW = 16 LSB = 5
CW = 16 LSB = 4
82C54
